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The Publican and the Pharisee
(Luke 18:10-14)
Reverend Andrew Demotses, Reverend Andrew Demotses
Jesus Christ shared the parable of the Publican and the Pharisee with
us to warn us of the great spiritual danger of arrogant self-confidence
in our own righteousness, coupled with contempt for those whom we
consider to be beneath us. In this way Jesus sought to protect us from
the terrible spiritual sickness of Pharissee-ism.
This
disease of the soul first manifests itself as absolute confidence and
trust in the rightness of our own point of view and judgement; it
presupposes our personal superiority over others. And this twisted
expression of self confidence quickly degenerates into uncritical
self-satisfaction and self righteousness, into a kind of mindless
self-admiration. It takes endless endless pleasure in the self, and in
all that it does.
Let us look at the Pharisee in today’s
parable. He goes into the Temple of God to offer incense to his own
self-idol. He proclaims his saintliness and enumerates his good works.
He admires and praises himself. He, after all, is not like other people
who are up to their necks in immorality and evil. In the midst of his
supposed prayer he does not hesitate to spill the poisonous bile of his
hatred for the Publican whom he sees praying off in a distant corner.
With exaggerated self-satisfaction he refers to his careful fasting and
his generous support of the temple. He is indeed, a fastidious observer
of the law of the covenant.
And even though we feel repulsed by
the attitude and behavior of the Pharisee, we need to be honest enough
to admit to ourselves that there are more than a few times when we
astonishingly resemble him. After all, who among us does not want
others to think that we are better people than we actually are? Which
one of us does not suffer from some lack of respect toward others? Is
there even one of us who is very lenient in his judgement of others ,
and sterner in his own self-criticism? I sincerely doubt it. Every one
of us, more or less, has something of that Pharisee inside of us.
Something of that self-adulation and righteousness. And so to protect
ourselves form infection by this disease requires nothing less than
constant struggle and vigilant effort on our part.
A truly
christian heart seeks to do what is just and right as a simple and
natural expression of our responsibility as persons. But even then we
understand that our good deeds do not reflect perfection and so should
not be the cause of weaning pride on our part. That is why St.
Vasilios, who devoted his entire life to the loving service of others
wrote, “Even if we were somehow able to do absolutely everything that
is required of us., we would still have to conclude that we are
unworthy servants of the Lord. And this is because after having done
all this, we will only have fulfilled our basic duty and obligation and
nothing more.”
This condemnation of the smug self-satisfaction
of the Pharisee, leads us to the justification of the Publican, who
keenly feels and readily acknowledges his personal inadequacies. The
Publican is admittedly burdened by a host of sins. But he is acutely
aware of his sinfulness and spiritual poverty. And so he stands back,
in the farthest corner of the temple. He does not dare to even lift his
eyes toward heaven. With heavy sighs, he whispers his short prayer,
“God, have mercy on me, a sinner.”
His prayer is a request, a
plea actually, that is filled with contrition. And this contrition,
this acknowledgement and confession of personal imperfection, is
nothing less than the very cornerstone of the entire spiritual life.
And this is because it is inseparably bound with humility of the soul;
and it is humility that allows divine grace to transfigure and sanctify
our lives.
Perhaps the attitude that we need to acquire if we
wish to offer prayer that is acceptable before God, is summed up in the
words of Jesus himself who said to us, “Come to Me, all you that are
weary and are carrying heavy burdens and I will give you rest. Take My
yoke upon you, and learn from Me; for I am gentle and humble in heart,
and in Me you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy, and
My burden is light.” Matt. 11:28. May we too approach the altar of God
with that same gentleness of spirit, and that same humility of heart
and soul.
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